Mangwanani emusi waApril 21, 2014, musk parachuted muBeijing Qiaofu Fangcao nendege yakazvimirira ndokuenda kuBazi reSainzi uye tekinoroji yeChina kwekutanga kumira kuongorora ramangwana rekupinda kwaTesla muChina.Bazi resainzi uye tekinoroji ragara richikurudzira Tesla, asi panguva ino musk yakavhara musuwo uye yakawana mhinduro inotevera: China iri kufunga nezve kuvandudzwa kwemitero yemotokari dzemagetsi.Kugadziriswa kusati kwapera, mamodhi acharamba achibhadhara 25% mutero semotokari dzemafuta echinyakare.

Saka musk anoronga "kushevedzera" kuburikidza neiyo geek Park innovators summit.Muhoro huru yeZhongshan concert hall, Yang Yuanqing, Zhou Hongyi, Zhang Yiming nevamwe vakagara pachikuva.Uye musk akamirira kuseri kwechikuva, akatora foni yake uye tweeted.Mumhanzi pawairira akabva aenda pachikuva achipembera nekuombera.Asi paakadzokera kuUnited States, akanyorera uye akanyunyuta: "KuChina, takaita semwana ari kukambaira."

Kubva ipapo, Tesla anga ari padanho rekubhuroka kakati wandei sezvo musika uchiwanzoita bhiza uye dambudziko redystocia rakatungamira kutenderera kwehafu yegore kuunganidzwa kwevatengi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, musk akadonha uye akatomboputa mbanje live, achirara mufekitori yeCalifornia mazuva ese kuti atarise mafambiro.Nzira yakanakisa yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekugona kuvaka mafekitori epamusoro muChina.Kuti izvi zviitike, musk akachema mukutaura kwake muHong Kong: kune vatengi veChinese, akatodzidza kushandisa wechat.

Nguva inofamba.Musi wa7 Ndira 2020, musk akauya kuShanghai zvakare ndokuunza batch yekutanga yemhando yetatu makiyi kune varidzi vemotokari dzeChinese muTesla Shanghai Super fekitori.Mazwi ake ekutanga aive: Maita basa kuhurumende yeChina.Aivewo nekutamba kumusana chaiko.Kubva ipapo, nekudzika kwemutengo kuderedzwa kwemuenzaniso wemumba 3, vanhu vazhinji mukati nekunze kweindasitiri vakati vachityisa: kupera kwemotokari nyowani dzeChina kuri kuuya.

Zvisinei, mugore rapfuura, Tesla akawana zviitiko zvakakura zve rollover, zvinosanganisira bhatiri rinoputika, injini isingadzoreki, skylight ichibhururuka kure, nezvimwewo. Uye mafungiro aTesla ave "ane musoro" kana kuzvikudza.Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nekuda kwekukundikana kwemagetsi emotokari itsva, Tesla yakatsoropodzwa nevepakati vezvenhau.Nekutaura, Tesla bhatiri shrinkage dambudziko rakajairika, varidzi vemotokari paInternet kushora izwi zvakare rimwe mushure memumwe.

Nekuona izvi, nhengo dzehurumende dzakatora matanho zviri pamutemo.Munguva ichangopfuura, General Administration of market supervision uye mamwe madhipatimendi mashanu akabvunzurudza Tesla, iyo inonyanya kusanganisira matambudziko akadai sekukurumidza kukurumidza, bhatiri moto, kusimudzira motokari iri kure, etc. Sezvatinoziva tose, mabhatiri e lithium iron phosphate anonyanya kushandiswa mumusha modhi 3. .

Yakakosha sei lithium bhatiri?Tichitarisa kumashure munzira yekuvandudza maindasitiri, China inonyatso kubata iyo yakakosha tekinoroji?Nzira yekubudirira sei?

1/ Chishandiso chakakosha chenguva

Muzana remakore rechi20, vanhu vakagadzira pfuma yakawanda kudarika makore 2000 akanga apfuura.Pakati pazvo, sainzi uye tekinoroji zvinogona kutorwa sesimba rakasimba mukusimudzira budiriro yepasi rose nekusimudzira hupfumi.Mumakore zana apfuura, zvigadzirwa zvesainzi uye zveruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevanhu zvinopenya senyeredzi, uye zviviri zvacho zvinozivikanwa sezvine pesvedzero inosvika kure pamaitiro enhoroondo.Yokutanga ndiyo transistors, pasina izvo kwaisazova nemakomputa;yechipiri ndeye lithium-ion mabhatiri, pasina iyo nyika yaizove isingafungidzike.

Nhasi, mabhatiri e-lithium ave achishandiswa mumabhiriyoni emafoni efoni, malaptops uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi gore rega rega, pamwe nemamiriyoni emagetsi emagetsi matsva, uye kunyangwe zvese zvinotakurika pasi pano zvinoda kuchaja.Uye zvakare, nekuuya kweiyo nyowani simba mota shanduko uye kusikwa kwemamwe nharembozha, iyo lithium bhatiri indasitiri ichava neramangwana rakajeka.Semuenzaniso, kukosha kwegore negore kwe lithium battery cells chete kwasvika 200 bhiriyoni yuan, uye ramangwana rave pedyo nekona.

Zvirongwa nezvirongwa zveramangwana rekubviswa kwemotokari dzemafuta dzakagadzirwa nenyika dzakasiyana siyana pasi rose zvichange zvakare "icing on the cake".Yekutanga ndeyeNorway mu2025, uye United States, Japan uye nyika zhinji dzeEurope dzakapoteredza 2035. China haina chirongwa chakajeka chenguva.Kana pasina tekinoroji nyowani mune ramangwana, iyo lithium bhatiri indasitiri icharamba ichibudirira kwemakumi emakore.Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ani zvake ane core tekinoroji yelithium bhatiri zvinoreva kuve netsvimbo yekutonga indasitiri.

Nyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope dzakatara nguva yekumisa motokari dzemafuta

Kwemakore, Europe neUnited States, China, Japan neSouth Korea vakatanga makwikwi anotyisa uye kunyange scuffle mumunda we lithium mabhatiri, anosanganisira masayendisiti mazhinji ane mukurumbira, mazhinji emayunivhesiti epamusoro uye masangano ekutsvagisa, pamwe nehofori uye capital consortia mu. petroleum, makemikari, mota, sainzi uye tekinoroji maindasitiri.Ndiani angadai akafunga kuti nzira yekuvandudza yepasi rose lithium bhatiri indasitiri yakanga yakafanana neye semiconductor: yakatanga kuEurope neUnited States, yakasimba kupfuura Japan neSouth Korea, uye pakupedzisira yakave inotongwa neChina.

Mumakore ekuma1970 nema1980, lithium bhatiri tekinoroji yakatanga kuve muEurope neAmerica.Gare gare, maAmerican akatevedzana akagadzira lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide uye lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, ayo akatungamira muindasitiri iyi.Muna 1991, Japan ndiyo yaive yekutanga kugadzira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, asi musika wakaramba uchidzikira.South Korea, kune rumwe rutivi, inovimba nenyika kuti iite kuti ienderere mberi.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekutsigirwa kwakasimba kwehurumende, China yakaita kuti lithium battery industry ive yekutanga munyika nhanho nhanho.

Mukushanduka kwerithium bhatiri indasitiri, Europe, America neJapan vakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira tekinoroji.Muna 2019, Mubairo weNobel muchemistry wakapihwa masayendisiti ekuAmerica John goodinaf, Stanley whitingham uye sainzi weJapan Yoshino mukucherechedza mipiro yavo mukutsvagisa nekuvandudza mabhatiri e-lithium-ion.Sezvo masayendisiti kubva kuUnited States neJapan akahwina Mubairo weNobel, China inganyatso tungamira muhupamhi hwetekinoroji yemabhatiri e lithium?

2/ Chikafu che lithium bhatiri 

Iko kuvandudza kwepasi rose lithium bhatiri tekinoroji ine nzira refu yekutevera.Mukutanga kwema1970, mukupindura dambudziko remafuta, Exxon yakamisa rabhoritari yekutsvagisa muNew Jersey, ichikwezva nhamba huru yematarenda epamusoro mufizikisi nekemesitiri, kusanganisira Stanley whitingham, mumwe aimbova chiremba mune yakasimba state electrochemistry paStanford University.Chinangwa chayo ndechekuvaka patsva mhinduro yesimba, ndiko kuti, kugadzira chizvarwa chitsva chemabhatiri anochajiswa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Bell Labs yakamisa timu yemakemikari uye fizikisi kubva kuStanford University.Mativi maviri aya akatanga makwikwi anotyisa mukutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri echizvarwa chinotevera.Kunyange kana tsvakurudzo yakabatana, "mari haisi dambudziko."Mushure memakore anoda kusvika mashanu ekutsvagisa zvakavanzika, Whitingham nechikwata chake vakatanga kugadzira bhatiri rekutanga renyika rechargeable lithium-ion bhatiri.

Iyi lithium bhatiri nekugadzira inoshandisa titanium sulfide sechinhu checathode uye lithium seanode zvinhu.Iine zvakanakira uremu huremu, hukuru hukuru uye hapana chiyeuchidzo chekuita.Panguva imwecheteyo, inorasa kukanganisa kwebheteri yapfuura, iyo inogona kunzi ndeyekusvetuka kwehutano.Muna 1976, Exxon yakanyorera nyika yekutanga lithium bhatiri yekugadzira patent, asi haina kubatsirwa neindasitiri.Zvisinei, izvi hazvikanganisi mukurumbira weWhitingham sa "baba ve lithium" uye chimiro chake munyika.

Kunyangwe kugadzirwa kwaWhitingham kwakakurudzira indasitiri, kupisa kwebhatiri nekupwanya kwemukati kwakanetsa timu zvakanyanya, kusanganisira gudinaf.Naizvozvo, iye nevabatsiri vaviri vepashure vakaenderera mberi nekuongorora tafura yeperiodic zvakarongeka.Muna 1980, ivo pakupedzisira vakasarudza kuti yakanakisisa zvinhu yaiva cobalt.Lithium cobalt oxide, iyo inogona kushandiswa se cathode yemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, yakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura chero zvimwe zvinhu panguva iyoyo uye yakakurumidza kutora musika.

Kubva ipapo, tekinoroji yebhatiri yevanhu yatora danho rakakura kumberi.Chii chaizoitika pasina lithium cobaltite?Muchidimbu, nei "serura huru" yaive yakakura uye inorema?Imhaka yekuti hapana lithium cobalt bhatiri.Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo lithium cobalt oxide bhatiri ine zvakawanda zvakanakira, zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvinoratidzwa mushure mekushandisa kukuru, kusanganisira kudhura kwakanyanya, kusasimba kwekuwedzera kwechaji uye kushanda kwekutenderera, uye kusvibiswa kwemarara kwakakomba.

Saka goodinav nemudzidzi wake Mike Thackeray vakaramba vachitsvaga zvekushandisa zviri nani.Muna 1982, Thackeray akagadzira bhatiri re lithium manganate.Asi munguva pfupi, akasvetukira kuArgonne National Laboratory (ANL) kuti adzidze lithium mabhatiri.Uye goodinaf nechikwata chake vanoramba vachitsvaga zvimwe zvekushandisa, vachidzikisa runyoro kusvika musanganiswa wesimbi nephosphorus nekuchinjanisa zvakare zvine hurongwa simbi dziri patafura yenguva.

Pakupedzisira, simbi uye phosphorus hazvina kuumba configuration kuti boka aida, asi vakaumba imwe chimiro: pashure licoo3 uye LiMn2O4, wechitatu cathode zvinhu kuti lithium-ion mabhatiri akaberekwa zviri pamutemo: LiFePO4.Naizvozvo, matatu akakosha e-lithium-ion bhatiri maelectrode akanaka ese akazvarwa murabhoritari yedinaf kubvira kare.Yakave zvakare mbereko yemabhatiri e lithium munyika, nekuzvarwa kwevaviri vataurwa pamusoro peNobel Prize chemist.

Muna 1996, Yunivhesiti yeTexas yakanyorera patent panzvimbo yerabhoritari yegoodinaf.Iyi ndiyo yekutanga patent yeLiFePO4 bhatiri.Kubva ipapo, Michelle Armand, French lithium sainzi, akabatana nechikwata uye akashandisa ne dinaf patent yeLiFePO4 carbon coating tekinoroji, ikava yechipiri yakakosha patent yeLiFePO4.Aya maviri patents ndiwo epakati patents asingagoni kupfuudzwa chero zvakadaro.

3/ Kuchinjisa tekinoroji

Nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa tekinoroji, pane dambudziko rekukurumidzira kuti rigadziriswe mune yakaipa electrode yelithium cobalt oxide bhatiri, saka haina kugadzirwa nekukurumidza.Panguva iyoyo, lithium simbi yakashandiswa seanode zvinhu zve lithium mabhatiri.Kunyangwe yaigona kupa huwandu hwesimba rakanyanya, pakanga paine matambudziko mazhinji, anosanganisira zvishoma nezvishoma kuita upfu kweanode zvinhu uye kurasikirwa nebasa, uye kukura kwelithium dendrites kwaigona kubaya diaphragm, zvichikonzera kupfupika kana kupisa uye kuputika kweiyo. bhatiri.

Apo dambudziko rakanga rakaoma zvikuru, maJapan akaoneka.Sony yanga ichigadzira mabhatiri e-lithium kwenguva yakareba, uye yakanyatso teerera kune zviri kuitika pasi rose.Nekudaro, hapana ruzivo rwekuti uye kupi uye kupi lithium cobaltite tekinoroji yakawanikwa.Muna 1991, Sony yakaburitsa bhatiri rekutanga rekutengesa lithium-ion munhoroondo yevanhu, ndokuisa akati wandei lithium cobalt cylindrical mabhatiri mune yazvino ccd-tr1 kamera.Kubva ipapo, chiso chenyika yevatengi vemagetsi chakanyorwa patsva.

NdiYoshino akaita chisarudzo ichi chinokosha.Akapayona kushandiswa kwekabhoni (graphite) panzvimbo ye lithium seanode ye lithium battery, uye yakasanganiswa ne lithium cobalt oxide cathode.Izvi zvakanyanya kunatsiridza kugona uye kutenderera hupenyu hwelithium bhatiri, uye inoderedza mutengo, inova simba rekupedzisira reindasitiri yelithium bhatiri.Kubva ipapo, mabhizinesi eChinese neKorea akadurura mukati meiyo indasitiri yebhatiri ye lithium, uye tekinoroji nyowani yesimba (ATL) yakavambwa panguva ino.

Nekuda kwekubiwa kwemichina, "mubatanidzwa wekodzero" wakatangwa neYunivhesiti yeTexas uye mamwe mabhizinesi anga akabata minondo pasi rose, zvichikonzera kukakavara kwepatent kunosanganisira nyika zhinji nemakambani.Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vachiri kufunga kuti LiFePO4 ndiyo inonyanya kukodzera bhatiri remagetsi, itsva cathode material system inobatanidza zvakanakira lithium niobate, lithium cobalt uye lithium manganese yakazvarwa chinyararire murabhoritari muCanada.

Muna Kubvumbi 2001, Jeff Dann, Purofesa wefizikisi paDalhous University uye mukuru wesainzi we3M boka reCanada, akagadzira yakakura-yekutengesa nickel cobalt manganese ternary composite cathode zvinhu, iyo yakasimudzira lithium bhatiri kuti iparadze nhanho yekupedzisira yekupinda mumusika. .Musi wa27 Kubvumbi wegore iro, 3M yakanyorera kuUnited States patent, inova ndiyo yakakosha patent yezvinhu zveternary.Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero bedzi mune ternary system, hapana anogona kutenderera.

Zvinenge panguva imwe chete, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) akatanga vakurudzira pfungwa akapfuma lithium, uye pahwaro ichi, akagadzira akaturikidzana lithium akapfuma uye yakakwirira manganese ternary zvinhu, uye vakabudirira kushandisa patent muna 2004. Uye munhu anotarisira Iyi tekinoroji yekuvandudza ndeye thackerel, uyo akagadzira lithium manganenate.Kusvika 2012, Tesla akatanga kuburitsa simba rekusimuka zvishoma nezvishoma.Musk akapa kakati wandei emuhoro wakakwira kutora vanhu kubva ku3M's lithium bhatiri R & D department.

Tichitora mukana uyu, 3M yakasundidzira chikepe pamwe neazvino, yakatora zano rekuti "vanhu vaende, asi kodzero dzepatent dzichiripo", yakabvisa zvachose dhipatimendi rebhatiri, uye ikaita purofiti yakakwira nekutumira kunze matende uye kushandira pamwe kwehunyanzvi.Patents akapihwa akati wandei eJapan neKorea mabhatiri ebhatiri mabhizinesi akadai seElektron, Panasonic, Hitachi, Samsung, LG, L & F uye SK, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvecathode seShanshan, Hunan Ruixiang naBeida Xianxian kuChina Kune makambani anopfuura gumi pamwe chete.

Matende eAnl anongopihwa kumakambani matatu chete: BASF, hofori yemakemikari yeGerman, Toyoda industries, fekitori yeJapan cathode material, uye LG, kambani yekuSouth Korea.Gare gare, kutenderera kwepakati patent kukwikwidza kwezvinhu zveternary, maviri epamusoro indasitiri ekutsvagisa yunivhesiti akaumbwa.Izvi zvakagadzira "innate" tekinoroji simba relithium bhatiri mabhizinesi kumadokero, Japan neSouth Korea, nepo China isina kuwana zvakawanda.

4/ Kusimuka kweChinese Enterprises

Sezvo China isina hunyanzvi hwekutanga tekinoroji, yakapwanya sei mamiriro ezvinhu?China's lithium bhatiri tsvagiridzo haina kunonoka, yakada kuwiriraniswa nenyika.Mukupera kwema1970, pasi pekurudziro yaChen Liquan, mudzidzi weChinese Academy of Engineering muGermany, Institute of physics yeChinese Academy of Sciences yakagadzira yekutanga solid state ion laboratory muChina, ndokutanga tsvakiridzo yelithium- ion conductors uye lithium mabhatiri.Muna 1995, yekutanga yeChina lithium bhatiri yakazvarwa muInstitute of physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekukwira kwemagetsi evatengi muma1990, mabhatiri eLithium eChina akasimuka panguva imwe chete, uye kubuda kwe "hofori ina", iyo Lishen, BYD, bick uye ATL.Kunyange zvazvo Japan yakatungamirira kukurudzirwa kwebhizimisi, nekuda kwehupenyu hwehupenyu, Sanyo Electric yakatengeswa kuPanasonic, uye Sony yakatengesa bhizinesi rayo re lithium battery kuMurata kugadzirwa.Mumakwikwi anotyisa mumusika, chete BYD neATL ndivo "mahombe mana" muChina.

Muna 2011, "white list" yehurumende yeChina yakavhara mabhizinesi aiwana mari kunze kwenyika.Mushure mekutorwa neJapan capital, kuzivikanwa kweATL kwakave kwechinyakare.Saka Zeng Yuqun, muvambi weATL, akaronga kuita kuti bhizinesi rebhatiri remagetsi rizvimirire, rega capital yeChinese itore chikamu mairi, uye ideredze migove yekambani yevabereki TDK, asi haana kuwana mvumo.Saka Zeng Yuqun akatanga nguva yeNingde (catl), uye akafambira mberi mukuunganidza tekinoroji yekutanga, ndokuva bhiza dema.

Panyaya yetekinoroji nzira, BYD inosarudza yakachengeteka uye inodhura-inoshanda lithium iron phosphate bhatiri, iyo yakasiyana neyepamusoro simba density lithium ternary bhatiri munguva yeNingde.Izvi zvinoenderana neiyo BYD's bhizinesi modhi.Wang Chuanfu, muvambi wekambani, anotsigira "kudya nzimbe kusvika kumagumo".Kunze kwegirazi nematairi, anenge ese mamwe mativi emota anogadzirwa uye anotengeswa ari ega, obva akwikwidzana nenyika yekunze nemukana wemutengo.Kubva pane izvi, BYD yave yakasimba munzvimbo yechipiri mumusika wepamba kwenguva yakareba.

Asi BYD's mukana zvakare kushaya simba kwayo: inogadzira mabhatiri uye inotengesa mota, izvo zvinoita kuti vamwe vagadziri vemotokari vasavimbe uye vanosarudza kupa mirairo kune vanokwikwidza pane ivo pachavo.Semuenzaniso, Tesla, kunyangwe BYD's LiFePO4 bhatiri tekinoroji yakaunganidza yakawanda, ichiri kusarudza imwecheteyo tekinoroji yenguva yeNingde.Kuti uchinje mamiriro acho ezvinhu, BYD inoronga kuparadzanisa bhatiri remagetsi uye kutanga "blade battery".

Kubva pakuchinja uye kuvhura, lithium bhatiri ndeimwe yeminda mishoma inogona kubata nenyika dzakabudirira.Zvikonzero ndezvizvi zvinotevera: kutanga, nyika inosungirira kukosha kukuru kune kuchengetedzwa kwehurongwa;chechipiri, hakuna kunyanyononoka kutanga;chechitatu, misika yemumba yakakura zvakakwana;yechina, boka revanoshuvira tekinoroji nyanzvi uye vatengesi vanoshanda pamwechete kuti vapanze.Asi kana tikaswededza mukati, sezita renguva yeNingde, ibudiriro yehupfumi yeChina uye nguva yemotokari dzemagetsi dzinoumba nguva yeNingde.

Mazuvano, China haisari shure kwenyika dzakabudirira mukutsvaga kweanode zvinhu uye electrolytes, asi kuchine zvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvakadai se lithium battery separator, simba density nezvimwe zvakadaro.Zviripachena, iyo tekinoroji kuunganidza kumadokero, Japan neSouth Korea ichine zvimwe zvakanakira.Semuyenzaniso, kunyangwe nguva dzeNingde dzakaiswa pekutanga mumusika webhatiri wepasi rose kwemakore akati wandei, mishumo yekutsvagisa yeindasitiri yekune dzimwe nyika ichiri kunyora Panasonic neLG munzvimbo yekutanga, ukuwo nguva dzeNingde neBYD dziri pachinhanho chechipiri.

5/ Mhedziso
 

Pasina kupokana, nekumwe kufambiswa kwetsvakiridzo yakabatana mune ramangwana, kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium munyika kuchaunza tarisiro yakafara, iyo inosimudzira shanduko yesimba uye hunyanzvi hwevanhu, uye kupinza kukurumidza kutsva mukusimudzira kwakasimba. yehupfumi nemagariro uye kusimbisa kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.Sekambani inotungamira yemotokari muindastiri, Tesla yakafanana nekatsi.Ichiri kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzesimba idzva, iri zvakare kutungamira mukupokana neiyo lithium bhatiri musika nharaunda.

Zeng Yuqun akamboburitsa nyaya yemukati yemubatanidzwa wake naTesla: musk anga achitaura nezvemutengo zuva rese.Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti Tesla iri kudonhedza pasi mutengo wemabhatiri.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mukuita kweyese Tesla neNingde nguva yekumhanyisa mumusika weChinese, mota nebhatiri hazvifanirwe kufuratira dambudziko remhando nekuda kwemutengo.Kana zvadaro, yekutanga nhevedzano yemumba yemazano ane vavariro yakanaka ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya mukukosha.

Mukuwedzera, kune chokwadi chinosuruvarisa.Kunyangwe China ichitonga musika welithium bhatiri, iyo yakanyanya musimboti matekinoroji uye patents e lithium iron phosphate uye ternary zvinhu hazvisi mumaoko evanhu veChinese.Kana ichienzaniswa neJapan, China ine gap rakakura mukudyara kwevanhu uye capital mu lithium bhatiri yekutsvaga nekusimudzira.Izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekutanga kutsvagisa sainzi, zvinoenderana nekuenderera mberi kwenguva refu uye kudyara kwehurumende, masangano ekutsvagisa sainzi nemabhizinesi.

Parizvino, mabhatiri e lithium ari kufamba akananga kuchizvarwa chechitatu mushure mezvizvarwa zviviri zvakapfuura zve lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate uye lithium ternary.Sezvo hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji uye patents ezvizvarwa zviviri zvekutanga zvakakamurwa nemakambani ekunze, China haina mabhenefiti akakwana, asi inogona kukwanisa kudzosera mamiriro ezvinhu muchizvarwa chinotevera kuburikidza nekutanga kuronga.Tichifunga nezve nzira yekuvandudza maindasitiri yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, tsvakiridzo yekushandisa uye kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa chezvinhu zvebhatiri, isu tinofanirwa kunge takagadzirira hondo yenguva refu.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuvandudza uye kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium muChina vachiri kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji.Semuenzaniso, mukushandiswa kweiyo lithium bhatiri mota nyowani dzemagetsi, kuchine mamwe matambudziko, senge yakaderera simba density, yakaderera-yakadzika tembiricha kuita, nguva yekuchaja nguva, hupenyu hupfupi hwebasa uye zvichingodaro.

Kubva 2019, China yakadzima "chena runyorwa" rwemabhatiri, uye mabhizinesi ekunze akadai seLG nePanasonic adzokera kumusika weChinese, nekukasira kurongeka kunogumbura.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuwedzera kudzvinyirira pamutengo we lithiamu mabhatiri, kukwikwidza mumusika wepamba kuri kuwedzera.Izvi zvinomanikidza mabhizinesi akakodzera kuhwina mukana mumakwikwi akazara neakakwira chigadzirwa mutengo kuita uye nekukurumidza musika kuita kugona, kuitira kusimudzira kukwidziridzwa uye kuenderera mberi kwekukura kweChina lithium bhatiri indasitiri.