Huwandu hwemabhatiri emagetsi ekuchengetedza masisitimu (BESS) ezvishandiso zvakamisikidzwa, zvinosanganisira utility chiyero uye yakagoverwa maapplication, yatanga kukura zvakanyanya, maererano neongororo yeapricum, yakachena tekinoroji yekubvunza agency.Zvinoenderana nefungidziro ichangoburwa, kutengesa kunotarisirwa kukura kubva pamadhora bhiriyoni imwe muna 2018 kusvika pakati pemadhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemadhora makumi maviri neshanu muna 2024.
Apricum yakaratidza matatu madhiraivha makuru ekukura kweBess: kutanga, kufambira mberi kwakanaka mumitengo yebhatiri.Yechipiri ndiyo yakagadziridzwa hurongwa hwekugadzirisa, iyo yose inovandudza kukwikwidza kwemabhatiri.Chechitatu, Bess iri kukura inogadziriswa musika webasa.
1. Mutengo webhatiri
Chinhu chakakosha chinodiwa pakushandisa kwakakura kweBess kuderedzwa kwemitengo yakabatana panguva yehupenyu hwebhatiri.Izvi zvinonyanya kuwanikwa nekudzikisa mari yekushandisa, kuvandudza mashandiro kana kuvandudza mamiriro emari.

2. mari yekushandisa
Mumakore achangopfuura, kuderedzwa kukuru kwemutengo weBess tekinoroji ndeye lithium-ion bhatiri, iyo yakadonha kubva paUS $ 500-600 / kwh muna 2012 kusvika kuUS $ 300-500 / kWh parizvino.Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nechinzvimbo chepamusoro chetekinoroji mumashandisirwo emafoni akadai se "3C" maindasitiri (makomputa, kutaurirana, zvemagetsi zvevatengi) uye mota dzemagetsi, uye hupfumi hunokonzeresa huyero mukugadzira.Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, Tesla inoronga kuwedzera kudzikisa mutengo we lithium-ion mabhatiri kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwayo 35 GWH / kW "Giga fekitori" chirimwa muNevada.Alevo, anogadzira bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba rekuAmerica, akazivisa hurongwa hwakafanana hwekushandura fekitori yefodya yakasiiwa kuita 16 gigawatt awa yebhatiri fekitori.
Mazuvano, mazhinji ekuchengetedza simba tekinoroji kutanga-ups akazvipira kutora dzimwe nzira dzepasi mari yekushandisa.Vanoziva kuti zvichange zvakaoma kusangana nehuwandu hwekugadzira mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, uye makambani akaita seEOS, aquion kana ambri ari kugadzira mabhatiri avo kuti asangane nezvimwe zvinodhura kubva pakutanga.Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakachipa zvakachipa uye yakanyanya otomatiki matekinoroji emagetsi emagetsi, proton exchange membranes uye electrolytes, uye nekupa kunze kugadzirwa kwavo kune epasi rose anogadzira makondirakiti akaita seFoxconn.Nekuda kweizvozvo, EOS yakati mutengo weiyo megawatt kirasi system inongova $160 / kWh.
Pamusoro pezvo, kutenga kwehunyanzvi kunogona kubatsira kudzikisa mutengo wekudyara weBess.Semuenzaniso, Bosch, BMW neSweden utility kambani Vattenfall vari kuisa 2MW / 2mwh yakagadziriswa magetsi ekuchengetedza masisitimu akavakirwa pamabhatiri e-lithium-ion anoshandiswa muBMW I3 uye ActiveE mota.
3. kuita
Maparamita ekuita kwebhatiri anogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekuedza kwevagadziri uye vashandisi kudzikisa mutengo webhatiri simba rekuchengetedza system (BESS).Hupenyu hwebhatiri (kutenderera kwehupenyu uye kutenderera hupenyu) zviri pachena kuti hune simba guru pahupfumi hwebhatiri.Padanho rekugadzira, nekuwedzera proprietary additives kumakemikari anoshanda uye kuvandudza maitiro ekugadzira kuti awane mamwe mayunifomu uye anowirirana ebhatiri mhando, hupenyu hwekushanda hunogona kuwedzerwa.
Zviripachena, bhatiri rinofanirwa kugara richishanda zvinobudirira mukati meyakagadzirirwa mashandiro ayo, semuenzaniso, kana zvasvika pakudzika kwekubuda (DoD).Hupenyu hwekutenderera hunogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya nekudzikamisa hudzamu hunobvira hwekuburitsa (DoD) mukushandisa kana nekushandisa masisitimu ane huwandu hwepamusoro kupfuura zvinodiwa.Ruzivo rwakadzama rwemiganho yekushanda yakanakisa inowanikwa kuburikidza nekuomarara murabhoritari kuyedzwa, pamwe nekuve neiyo yakakodzera bhatiri management system (BMS) mukana mukuru.Iko kurasikirwa kwekuita kwekufamba kwekudzoka kunonyanya kukonzerwa neiyo inherent hysteresis musero chemistry.Kuchaja kwakakodzera kana chiyero chekuburitsa uye kudzika kwakanaka kwekubuda (DoD) kunobatsira kuchengetedza kushanda kwakanyanya.
Uye zvakare, simba remagetsi rinopedzwa nezvikamu zvebhatiri system (kutonhora, kupisa kana bhatiri manejimendi system) inokanganisa kushanda kwayo uye inofanirwa kuchengetwa zvishoma.Semuenzaniso, nekuwedzera ma mechanical elements kumabhatiri e-lead-acid kudzivirira kuumbwa kwedendrite, kuora kwehuwandu hwebhatiri nekufamba kwenguva kunogona kuderedzwa.

4. Mamiriro emari
Bhizinesi rebhangi reBess mapurojekiti rinowanzo kukanganiswa nerekodhi rekodhi rekuita uye kushomeka kweruzivo rwemari masangano mukuita, kugadzirisa uye bhizinesi modhi rekuchengetedza simba rebhatiri.

Vatengesi uye vanogadzira bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system (BESS) mapurojekiti anofanirwa kuyedza kuvandudza mamiriro ekudyara, semuenzaniso, kuburikidza neyakajairwa waranti yekuedza kana kuburikidza nekuita yakazara yakazara bhatiri yekuyedza maitiro.

Kazhinji, nekudzikira kwekushandiswa kwemari uye nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemabhatiri ataurwa pamusoro, chivimbo chevaisiridzi chichawedzera uye mari yavo yekubhadhara ichadzikira.

5. Regulatory framework
Bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu yakatumirwa ne wemag / younicos
Kufanana nematekinoroji ese matsva anopinda mumisika yakakura, bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system (BESS) rinotsamira kune imwe nhanho pane yakanaka dhizaini.Zvirinani zvinoreva kuti hapana zvipingamupinyi pamusika kutora chikamu chebhatiri simba rekuchengetedza system (BESS).Sezvineiwo, madhipatimendi ehurumende achaona kukosha kweakagadziriswa masisitimu ekuchengetedza uye nekukurudzira maapplication avo zvinoenderana.
Muenzaniso wekubvisa kukanganisa kwezvipingamupinyi zvekushandiswa kwayo ndeye Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 755, inoda isos3 ne rtos4 kupa nekukurumidza, kwakanyatsojeka uye kwepamusoro kwekubhadhara kwekushanda kwemw-miliee55 zviwanikwa.Sezvo PJM, anoshanda akazvimiririra, akashandura musika wayo wemagetsi wakazara muna Gumiguru 2012, chiyero chekuchengetedza simba chiri kuwedzera.Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zve62 MW yemagetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi akaiswa muUnited States muna 2014 zvigadzirwa zvePJM zvekuchengetedza simba.KuGermany, vashandisi vepakugara vanotenga simba rezuva uye magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi vanogona kuwana zvikwereti zvakaderera kubva kuKfW, bhanga rekusimudzira rehurumende yeGermany, uye kuwana mari inosvika makumi matatu muzana pamutengo wekutenga.Kusvika ikozvino, izvi zvakakonzera kuiswa kweanenge 12000 magetsi ekuchengetedza masimba, asi zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti imwe 13000 inovakwa kunze kwepurogiramu.Muna 2013, California regulatory authority (CPUC) yaida kuti utility sector inofanira kutenga 1.325gw yesimba rekuchengetedza simba panosvika 2020. Chirongwa chekutenga chine chinangwa chekuratidza kuti mabhatiri anogona sei kugadzirisa grid uye kubatsira kubatanidza simba rezuva nemhepo.

Mienzaniso iri pamusoro apa zviitiko zvikuru zvakamutsa kunetseka kukuru mumunda wekuchengetedza simba.Nekudaro, kudiki uye kazhinji kusingaonekwe shanduko mumirau inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakasimba padunhu kushandiswa kwebhatiri simba rekuchengetedza system (BESS).Mienzaniso inogona kusanganisira:

Nekungodzikisa hudiki hunodiwa hwemisika mikuru yekuchengetera magetsi eGermany, masisitimu ekuchengetedza magetsi ekugara anotenderwa kutora chikamu semagetsi emagetsi, zvichiwedzera kusimbisa bhizinesi kesi yeBess.
Chinhu chakakosha chechirongwa chechitatu chekuvandudza simba reEU, icho chakatanga kushanda muna 2009, ndiko kupatsanurwa kwemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi uye bhizinesi rekutengesa kubva kune network yayo yekufambisa.Muchiitiko ichi, nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi kwepamutemo, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo mutengesi wemagetsi ekufambisa (TSO) achabvumirwa kushanda simba rekuchengetedza simba haana kunyatsojeka.Kuvandudzwa kwemutemo kuchaisa hwaro hwekushandiswa kwakakura kwebhatiri simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu (BESS) musimba regidhi rutsigiro.
AEG simba mhinduro kune inogadziriswa sevhisi musika
Iwo chaiwo maitiro emusika wepasi rose wemagetsi ari kukonzera kuwedzera kudiwa kwemasevhisi.Muchidimbu, basa reBess rinogona kugamuchirwa.Mafambiro anoenderana ndeaya anotevera:
Nekuda kwekuchinja kwesimba rinodzokororwa uye kuwedzera kwesimba rekupa elasticity panguva yenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kudiwa kwekuchinjika musimba remagetsi kuri kuwedzera.Pano, mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza simba anogona kupa masevhisi ekubatsira senge frequency uye voltage control, grid congestion kudzikisira, kusimbazve simba kusimba uye kutema kutanga.

Kuwedzera uye kuita kwekugadzira uye kutapurirana uye kugovera zvivakwa nekuda kwekuchembera kana kusakwana kugona, pamwe nekuwedzera kwemagetsi kumaruwa.Muchiitiko ichi, bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system (BESS) inogona kushandiswa seimwe nzira yekunonoka kana kudzivirira masisitimu ezvivakwa kudzikamisa yakasarudzika magetsi grid kana kuvandudza kushanda kwemajenareta edhiziri mune off grid system.
Vashandisi veindasitiri, vekutengesa uye vekugara vari kunetsekana nekuchaja yakakwira magetsi, kunyanya nekuda kwekuchinja kwemitengo uye kudiwa kwemitengo.Kune (vanogona) vekugara varidzi vemagetsi ezuva, mutengo wakaderedzwa wegridhi uchakanganisa kugona kwehupfumi.Mukuwedzera, magetsi anowanzova asina kuvimbika uye ane unhu husina kunaka.Mabhatiri akamira anogona kubatsira kuwedzera kuzvishandisa, kuita "peak clipping" uye "peak shifting" uchipa simba risingapindiki (UPS).
Zviripachena, kuitira kuzadzisa ichi chinodikanwa, kune akasiyana echinyakare asiri emagetsi ekuchengetedza sarudzo.Kana mabhatiri achiumba sarudzo iri nani anofanira kuongororwa pane imwe nyaya uye anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kubva mudunhu nedunhu.Semuyenzaniso, kunyangwe paine mamwe mabhizinesi akanaka emakesi muAustralia neTexas, nyaya idzi dzinoda kukunda dambudziko rekutapurirana kureba.Iyo yakajairwa tambo kureba yepakati voltage level muGermany isingasviki 10 km, izvo zvinoita kuti echinyakare gidhi remagetsi riwedzere mutengo wakaderera mune dzakawanda zviitiko.
Kazhinji, bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system (BESS) haina kukwana.Nokudaro, masevhisi anofanirwa kubatanidzwa mu "benefit superposition" kuitira kuderedza mari uye kubhadhara kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana.Kutanga nechishandiso chine hombe mari sosi, isu tinofanirwa kutanga tashandisa yakasarudzika mikana yekubata-saiti mikana uye kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvekutonga seUPS magetsi.Kune chero huwandu hwasara, masevhisi anounzwa kune grid (senge frequency regulation) anogonawo kutariswa.Hapana mubvunzo kuti mamwe masevhisi haagone kutadzisa kufambiswa kwemabasa makuru.

Impact pane vatori vechikamu vemusika wekuchengetedza simba.
Kuvandudzwa kwevatyairi ava kunotungamira kumikana mitsva yebhizinesi uye kunotevera kukura kwemusika.Zvisinei, zviitiko zvisina kunaka zvinozoita kuti kukundikana kana kunyange kurasikirwa kwehupfumi hunobudirira hwemuenzaniso webhizimisi.Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekushaikwa kusingatarisirwe kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa, kudzikiswa kwemutengo kunotarisirwa kungasaitika, kana kushambadzira kwehunyanzvi hutsva kungasaitwa sezvaitarisirwa.Shanduko mumirau inogona kuumba hurongwa umo Bess haigone kutora chikamu.Pamusoro pezvo, kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri ari padyo kunogona kugadzira mamwe makwikwi eBess, senge frequency control yesimba rinogoneka rinoshandiswa: mune mamwe misika (eg Ireland), miitiro yegridi inotoda mapurazi emhepo senzvimbo huru yekuchengetedza simba.

Naizvozvo, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kutarisisa kune mumwe nemumwe, kufanotaura uye nekukurudzira mutengo webhatiri, dhizaini yekudzora uye nekubudirira kutora chikamu mumusika wepasi rose wekuda kweyakagadziriswa bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza..